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In statistics, economics, and econophysics, the King effect refers to the phenomenon where the top one or two members of a ranked set show up as outliers. These top one or two members are unexpectedly large because they do not conform to the statistical distribution or rank-distribution which the remainder of the set obeys. Distributions typically followed include the power-law distribution,〔("A power law tail in India's wealth distribution: Evidence from survey data" ), Arjun Jayadev〕 that of a stretched exponential,〔〔("The individual success of musicians, like that of physicists, follows a stretch exponential" ), J.A. Davies〕 or a parabolic fractal. The King effect has been observed in the distribution of : * French city sizes (where the point representing Paris is the "King", failing to conform to the stretched exponential〔), and similarly for other countries with a primate city, such as the United Kingdom (London), and the extreme case of Bangkok (see list of cities in Thailand) * popularity of musicians,〔 (where Cliff Richard and Elvis Presley are the outliers not fitting on a stretched exponential) * country populations (where only the points representing China and India fail to fit a stretched exponential〔). Note, however, that the King effect is not limited to outliers with a positive evaluation attached to their rank: for rankings on an undesirable attribute, there actually may exist a Pauper effect, with a similar detachment of extremely ranked data points from the reasonably distributed portion of the data set. ==See also== * Zipf's law * Didier Sornette 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「King effect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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